If you are having custom servlet filter added into Spring security filter chain, and you are expecting custom filter exception throws should translate by ExceptionTranslationFilter but it doesn’t. Then you probably need to register your custom filter after ExceptionTranslationFilter as below.

protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.addFilterAfter(new YOUR_CUSTOM_SERVLET_FILTER(), ExceptionTranslationFilter.class);
    }